The VHS virus can be spread by the urine and feces infected fish, as well as ovarian and spermatic fluids. Water sources (e.g., ballast water, bilge water, live wells) or objects (e.g., footwear, buckets, nets) that become contaminated with these fluids can also serve to spread the virus to new locations or fish populations. Prevention involves a few basic steps to ensure the virus does not spread to additional locations.

• Prevent entry of infected fish or contaminated water
• Purchase fish stock from reputable sources
• Fish should be inspected by a certified fish health professional
• If surface waters are used, screen intake flows.
• Do not share equipment between sites.
• Remove dead or sick fish as soon as possible.
• Cleaning and disinfection equipment and fish transport vehicles
• This should include buckets, nets, footwear
• Neutralize and rinse disinfectant or allow items to thoroughly dry before reuse
• Fish preying birds pose low risk, but may carry infected fish between water sources
• On-farm activities, such as the transfer of fish or gametes or movement of vessels or gear, may serve as potential route of disease spread
• Employees should use infection control measures, such as foot dips and washing hands after contact with fish
• Equipment should be dedicated to certain lots or cleaned and disinfected between lots.

The USDA APHIS and many states restrict the movement of fish species susceptible to the virus to prevent the further spread of the virus to additional locations. For State and Federal Regulations